01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease thoroughly with butter or cooking spray.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, salt, baking powder, and baking soda until well combined.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk sourdough starter, eggs, melted butter, milk, and vanilla extract until smooth and fully incorporated.
04 - Pour wet ingredients into dry ingredients. Gently fold with a spatula until just combined—do not overmix. Small lumps are acceptable.
05 - Gently fold in blueberries and lemon zest (if using) until evenly distributed throughout the batter.
06 - Divide batter evenly among muffin cups, filling each about three-quarters full. Use a scoop or spoon for consistent portioning.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes until tops are golden brown and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
08 - Let muffins cool in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.